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| 1860 |
| | | Lincoln becomes the Republican presidential candidate, benefiting from a Democratic party split on the issue of slavery | |
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| 1860 |
| | | Republican contender Abraham Lincoln is elected US president with only 39% of the popular vote and no electoral votes in eleven southern states | |
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| 1860 |
| | | South Carolina becomes the first southern state to secede from the Union in response to Lincoln's election | |
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| 1861 |
| | | Seven southern states, meeting in Montgomery, Alabama, agree to form the Confederate States of America | |
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| 1861 |
| | | The seven members of the newly formed Condederacy elect Jefferson Davis as their provisional president | |
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| 1861 |
| | | Richmond, the state capital of Virginia, becomes the capital of the Southern Confederacy | |
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| 1861 |
| | | Shots are fired against the Federal military garrison in Fort Sumter, in Charleston harbour, launching the American Civil War | |
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| 1861 |
| | | Mathew Brady sends teams ot photographers to the various battle fronts to ensure a thorough photographic record of the American Civil War | |
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| 1861 |
| | | The first battle of the American Civil War, fought near Manassas and the Bull Run Creek, is a clear Confederate victory | |
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| 1862 |
| | | The Monitor and the Merrimack fight all morning off the Virginia coast, in history's first clash between ironclad ships | |
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